OPHTHALMOLOGY TERMS




10-0 nylon suture
acanthamoeba keratitis
accommodative spasm
Accu-line surgical marking pen
acetylcholine
AcrySof acrylic foldable IOL
Actonel
acuity
Acular
acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
Adie's pupil
adnexal exam
Adult Onset Foveo-Vitelliform Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy
afferent defect
afferent pupillary defect
Age-Related Eye Disease Study
age-related macular degeneration
age-related maculopathy
Aggrenox
Ahmed valve
air/gas-fluid exchange
akinesia
AK-Tracin
AlaSTAT see elestat
amaurosis fugax
amblyopia
AMO intraocular lens
Amsler grid
anatomic correlate counting fingers confrontation visual fields were full
angiogram
angioid streaks
angioid streaks
angiomatous proliferation
angst
Anis corneal forceps
Anis lens holding forceps
Anis radial marker
Anis suture placement marker
anisocoria
anisometropia
anterior chamber
anterior chamber cannula
anterior chamber cells
anterior chamber implant
anterior chamber intraocular lens
anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation
anterior chamber irrigator
anterior chamber washout cannula
anterior segment
anterior segment neovascularization
anterior vitreous cavity
antioxidant supplements
antioxidant vitamins
aphakia
aphakic
apocrine hidrocystoma
applanation pressure
arcus lipoides corneae
area of chorioretinal atrophy
area of retinoschisis between
argon focal laser
argon laser photocoagulation
argon laser treatment
Arrowsmith corneal marker
Arruga-Nicetic capsule forceps
arteritis
ASSI® Accu-line surgical marking pen
ASSI® air injection cannula
ASSI® capsulorrhexis forceps
ASSI® fixation hook
ASSI® Phaco Chopper™ - 90-degree angle
ASSI® Polar-Mate™ coagulator
ASSI® serrefine
ASSI® triple marker
astigmatism
Atkinson peribulbar needle
Atkinson retrobulbar needle
atrophic retinal hole
atropine
autologous serum
AV crossing change
avascular peripheral retina
Azopt
background diabetic retinopathy
Backhaus towel clamp
Baerveldt® glaucoma implant
Baird chalazion forceps
balanced salt solution (BSS)
band keratopathy
bandage lens
Barraquer cilia forceps
Barraquer corneoscleral scissors
Barraquer eye speculum
Barraquer iris scissors
Barraquer needle holder
Barraquer-Colibri forceps
base-in prism
Beaver blade
Bechert forceps
Bechert lens holding forceps
Behçet's disease
Bergland-Warshawski phaco/cortex adapter kit (cortex removal through MVR puncture at 2-o'clock position)
Bergmeister's papilla
Berke ptosis forceps
Berkeley optic zone marker
Best's disease
Betimol
Betoptic
Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
Bilberry
Binkhorst irrigating cannula
biomicroscopy
bipolar cautery
Bishop-Harmon anterior chamber cannula
Bishop-Harmon crisscross forceps
Bishop-Harmon forceps
black silk bridle suture
Blaydes lens holding forceps
blepharitis
blepharochalasis
blepharoplasty
blepharospasm
blocked fluorescence
Blumenthal push-pull irrigating cystotome
bombé
Bonaccolto forceps
Bonaccolto utility and splinter forceps
bone spicule pigmentation
Bonn forceps
Bonn iris forceps
Bonn micro iris hook
Bonn suturing forceps
Bores axis marker
Bores optic zone marker
Bores radial marker
Bowman membrane
boxcarring
branch retinal artery occlusion
branch retinal vein occlusion
bridle suture
Brightness Acuity Tester
brimonidine
brunescens
brunescent cataract
B-scan ultrasound
B-scan ultrasound
BSS (balanced salt solution)
BSS PLUS® ophthalmic irrigating solution (Alcon)
buckling
buckling element
buckling indentation
Buedding squeegee cortex extractor and polisher (ASSI® catalog)
bullae
bullous rhegmatogenous detachment
bullous serous detachment
C3F8 tamponade
canal of Schlemm
canalicular obstruction
capsular opacity
capsule polisher
capsulorrhexis
capsulotome
capsulotomy scissors
carbachol
Carbastat (carbachol)
carotid plaque
carotid stenosis
carotid ultrasound
Castroviejo caliper
Castroviejo Colibri forceps
Castroviejo suturing forceps
cataract
cataract extraction and posterior intraocular lens implantation
catarrhal
catarrhal conjunctivitis
Cauer chalazion forceps
CE and PCIOL
celiac
cellophane maculopathy
central chorioretinal macular scar
central macula
central macular atrophy
central macular thickening
central retinal artery occlusion
central retinal pigment epithelium
central retinal thickening
central retinal vein occlusion
central serous chorioretinopathy
central vision
central vitreous hemorrhage
chalazion
chalazion curette
chamber
chambers are deep and quiet
chemosis
chorioretinal anastomosis
chorioretinal atrophy
chorioretinal lesions
chorioretinal macular scar
chorioretinal scars
chorioretinopathy
choroidal calcification
choroidal change
choroidal detachment
choroidal hemangioma
choroidal lesion
choroidal mass
choroidal melanoma
choroidal neovascular membrane
choroidal neovascularization
choroidal nevus
choroidal pigmentation
choroidal swelling
choroidal thickening
choroidal tumor
choroidal vasculature
choroidal vessels
choroidopathy
chromatopsia
chronic open angle glaucoma
CHRPE
cicatricial ectropion
cicatricial shortening
cilia
ciliary body
ciliochoroidal
cilioretinal
cilioretinal shunt vessel
circinate exudate
circinate lipid
Clayman guide
Clayman lens holding forceps
clear vitreous cavity
cloudy cornea
CME (cystoid macular edema)
coaptation bipolar forceps
Coats disease
coaxial irrigation-aspiration cannula
colestipol
Colibri forceps
commotio retinae
commotio retinae
conjunctiva
conjunctivae are white and quiet
conjunctival flap
conjunctival follicles
conjunctival injection
conjunctival pigmentation
conjunctival redundancy
conjunctivitis
conjunctivochalasis
cornea chalcosis
cornea guttata
cornea pachymetry
cornea plana
corneal abrasion
corneal abscess
corneal arcus
corneal astigmatism
corneal bedewing
corneal biopsy
corneal block
corneal cell
corneal clarity
corneal cleft
corneal clouding
corneal contact lens
corneal contour
corneal contusion
corneal crystal
corneal curette
corneal curvature
corneal cyst
corneal debridement
corneal debrider
corneal decompensation
corneal deep opacity
corneal dehydration
corneal dendrite
corneal denervation
corneal deposit
corneal desiccation
corneal diameter
corneal distortion
corneal dysplasia
corneal dystrophy of Waardenburg-Jonkers
corneal ectasia
corneal edema
corneal endothelial guttate dystrophy
corneal epithelial scraping
corneal erosion
corneal facet
corneal fascia lata
corneal filament
corneal fissure
corneal fistula
corneal fleck dystrophy
corneal foreign body bur
corneal furrow degeneration
corneal graft
corneal guttata
corneal guttate dystrophy
corneal hypoesthesia
corneal implant
corneal impression test
corneal incision
corneal inferior limbus
corneal keratitis
corneal lamella
corneal lamellar groove
corneal leakage
corneal light reflex
corneal nerve
corneal opacification
corneal optical density
corneal pannus
corneal periphery
corneal scar
corneal spot
corneal staphyloma
corneal steepening
corneal stria
corneal stroma
corneal tattooing
corneal thinning
corneal ulcer
corneal vascularization
corneal velum
corneal verticillata
corneal vesicle
corneal xerosis
corneoscleral incision
corneoscleral scissors
cortical
cortical cataract
cortical change
cortical spoking
cortical vacuoles
Corydon expression cannula
Cosopt
cotton-wool exudate
counting fingers confrontation visual fields
crack-and-flip technique
crenated
crescent blade
crescent knife
crescent scleral tunneler
Crestor
crocodile shagreen
Crohn's disease
Culhane
cup forceps
cup-to-disc asymmetry
cup-to-disc ratio
cyclitic membrane
Cyclogyl
cycloplegic refraction
cystic retinal tuft
cystoid macular edema
cystotome
D. Aron-Rosa lens holding forceps
dacryocystitis
Dardenne nucleus forceps
DeCamp viscoelastic cannula
deep and quiet
Deitz incision depth gauge
dermatochalasis
Descemet scroll
desiccation
Desmarres chalazion forceps
Desmarres lid retractor
diabetic hemorrhage
diabetic macular edema
diabetic maculopathy
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic vitreous hemorrhage
diathermy
dilated fundus
dilated funduscopic examination
diode laser treatment
diopters
disc chromatopsia
disciform
dorsal intercalated segment instability
dot and blot hemorrhages
drusen
dry age-related maculopathy
dry macular degeneration
Duovisc viscoelastic system (Alcon)
dyschromatopsia
dyschromatopsia
dysphasia
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
Econopred
ectropion uveae
EDTA chelation
electrooculogram
electrophysiologic testing
electroretinogram
electroretinography
Elestat
Ellis astigmatism marker
Elschnig pearls
endophthalmitis
endothelium
entropion
enucleated
enucleation scissors
epiphora
epiretinal membrane
episcleral
episcleritis
epithelial detachment
epithelial erosions
epithelial haze
epitheliopathy
epithelium
equatorial
equivocal
Erhardt lid forceps
esophoria
ETDRS
Evoxac
exotropia
extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)
extraocular motility
EyeMap EH-290 corneal topography system
Famvir
far inferior periphery
Farkas-Bracken fixation forceps
Farnsworth color vision test
fat herniation
Faulkner lens holding forceps
felodipine
fibrotic membrane
fibrovascular membrane
fibrovascular plaque
flashes and floaters
flashing lights and floaters
flavimaculatus
Flieringa scleral fixation ring
floaters
fluorangiographic
fluorescein
fluorescein
fluorescein angiogram
fluorescein angiogram
fluorescence
fluorometholone
fluorometholone drops
Fluress
FML ointment
FML ointment
focal laser treatment
foldable intraocular lens
forme fruste keratoconus
fornix-based conjunctival flap
fovea
foveal avascular zone
foveal depression
foveal light reflex
foveal macular dystrophy
Fox shield
Francis chalazion forceps
Frazier dura hook
Fresnel prism
frond
Fuchs
Fuchs dystrophy
fulguration
fundi
fundus
funduscopic examination
funduscopy
Gagnon
Gaskin forceps
Gaskin fragment forceps
Gass retinal detachment hook
GDx exam
gelatinous appearance
GenTeal
geographic atrophy
giant cell arteritis
giant papillary conjunctivitis
Gill corneal knife
Gill iris forceps
Gill-Colibri forceps
Gill-Welsh cannula
Girard corneoscleral forceps
Glaser microvitreoretinal cannula
Glaser MVR cannula
Glaser vitreoretinal viscodissector (pre-retinal and vitreoretinal membranes dissection utilizing viscoelastic material)
glaucoma
glial tissue
gliosis
Glucotrol XL
Goldman scleral fixation ring and blepharostat
Goldmann perimetry
Goldmann Visual Fields
gonioscopy
Gradle cilia forceps
Graefe fixation forceps
graft rejection
Grandon rotatable radial marker & degree gauge
Grandon T-incision marker
grasping forceps
Graves disease
Green fixation forceps
Grizzard subretinal fluid cannula
groove incision
guttata
haptic
haptics
Harada's disease
hard exudate
Hardy-Rand-Rittler color plates
Harms-Colibri forceps
Hartmann mosquito forceps
Healon
Healon aspirating cannula
hemianopsia
hemifield defect
Henry cilia forceps
herpes zoster keratitis
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Hertel exophthalmometry
Hertel measurements
high myopia
high tear of meniscus
Hime
histo spots
histoplasmosis
histoplasmosis
HLA-B27
Hoffer optic zone marker (for photorefractive keratectomy)
Hofmann T-incision marker
Hofmann-Thornton globe fixation ring
holes, tears, or detachment
Hollenhorst plaque
homonomous hemianopsia
homonymous hemianopsia
homonymous quadrantanopsia
hordeolum
horizontal laxity
HRT II
Hughes procedure
Humphrey Visual Field
Hunt chalazion forceps
hyaloid face
hyalosis
hydrodelineation
hydrodissection
hyperacousic lesion
hypercholesterolemia
hyperfluorescence
hyperope
hyperopia
hypertensive retinopathy
hyphema
hypofluorescence
hypoperfusion
ICaps
ICaps AREDS
ICG angiography
ID
idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy
idiopathic central serous choroidopathy
idiopathic central serous retinopathy
idiopathic classic subfoveal neovascular membrane
IgG
IgM
illuminance
ILM peeling
indirect ophthalmoscope
inferior nasal quadrant
inferior rectus muscle
inferior temporal quadrant
infraorbital
infraorbital foramen
inspissated meibomian glands
internal limiting membrane
interpalpebral
intraocular antibiotics
intraocular inflammation
intraocular injection
intraocular lens (IOL)
intraocular lens implantation
intraocular pressure
intraocular steroid injection
intraretinal cysts
intraretinal gliosis
intraretinal hemorrhage
intraretinal lipid
intraretinal microvascular anomaly
intravitreal steroid injection
involuted proliferative diabetic retinopathy
IOL - intraocular lens
IOL Master
iridectomy
iridocyclitis
iridodialysis
iridotomy
iris bipolar forceps
iris hook
iris microscissors
iris scissors
irregular retinal pigment epithelium
irrigating C-hook extractor
irrigating cortex extractor (cortical removal or hydrodissection)
irrigating cystotome
irrigating IOL positioner
irrigating J-hook cannula
irrigating-aspiration (I&A)
irrigation and aspiration (I&A)
irrigation challenge
irrigation-aspiration cannula
Irvine-Gass syndrome
ischemic optic neuropathy
Jacobson hemostatic forceps
Jaeger 6
Jaeger lid plate
Jaffe iris hook
Jameson muscle forceps
JEL
Jensen capsule polisher cannula
jeweler's bipolar forceps
jeweler's forceps
Johnson hydrodelineation cannula
Johnson hydrodissection cannula
juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane
juxtafoveal telangiectasia
Kansas fragment lens forceps (for removal of nucleus)
Kelman phacoemulsification (KPE)
Kelman-McPherson forceps
Kelman-McPherson lens holding forceps
Kelman-McPherson suturing forceps
Kenalog
keratectomy
keratic precipitates
keratoconjunctivitis
keratoconus
keratoectasia
keratomy
keratopathy
keratoplasty
kerotome
Knapp strabismus scissors
Knolle anterior chamber irrigating cannula
Knolle capsule polisher
Knolle capsule scraper
Knolle capsule scratcher
Knolle lens cortex spatula
Knolle lens nucleus spatula
Knolle lens speculum
Knolle-Shepard lens-holding forceps
Knolle-Volker lens-holding forceps
Kraff fixation forceps
Kraff lens holding forceps
Kratz capsule polisher
Kremer corneal fixation forceps
Krukenberg spindle
Ks steeper than
Kuhnt fixation forceps
Lacri-Lube
lacrimal cannula
lacrimal lake
lacrimal sac
lagophthalmos
Lalonde hook forceps
Lambert chalazion forceps
lamellar hole
Lance
Landers subretinal aspiration cannula
Lantus insulin
laser indirect ophthalmoscopy
LASIK
late leakage
lattice
layering red blood cells
Leber's neuroretinitis
lecithin
lens
lens nucleus
Lester lens manipulator
Lewicky lens manipulating hook
lid speculum
Lieberman lens holding forceps
Lieberman micro-ring lens forceps
light perception
light reflex
limbal
limpid catarrhal conjunctivitis
Lindstrom arcuate incision marker
Lindstrom small incision marker
lissamine green dye staining
Livostin
Lordan chalazion forceps
Lotemax
loupe magnification
low vision card
Lumigan
lutein
MA-60 lens
Macugen
macula
macula-off retinal detachment
macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
macular atrophy
macular changes
macular degeneration
macular disease
macular drusen
macular edema
macular fibrosis
macular hemorrhage
macular hole
macular ischemia
macular nevus
macular region
macular thickening
macular traction detachment
macular vein occlusion
macular vessels
manifest refraction
map-dot-fingerprint epithelial dystrophy
Marcus Gunn pupil
Marfan syndrome
Masket capsulorrhexis forceps
mast cell stabilizer
Maumenee-Colibri corneal forceps
Maxidex
McCannel suture
McDonald lens folding forceps (implanting forceps)
McDonald soft IOL folding forceps (implanting forceps)
McIntyre anterior chamber cannula
McPherson corneal forceps
McPherson forceps
McPherson suturing forceps
McPherson tying forceps
Meibomian gland
meibomian gland dysfunction
meibomian gland inspissation
meibomian plugging
Mendez degree gauge
Mendez hexagon marker
Mendez-Freeman pediatric A.C. maintainer
Mendez-Freeman silicone oil cannula
Mendez-Goldbaum Tri-Port subtenon anesthesia cannula
mercury bag
meridian
meridional fold
mesial temporal sclerosis
metamorphopsia
metamorphopsia
Metts
Meyerhoefer chalazion curette
microaneurysms
microforceps (removal of floating lens materials and posterior segment procedures)
microloop curette polisher
micropsia
microscissors
microsurgical knife
microvitrector
microvitreoretinal (MVR)
Miochol solution
Miochol-E
Miostat intraocular solution
mmHg (millimeters of mercury)
Mohs surgical resection
Morris flexible cannula
Mueller cells
multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome
Muro 128
MVR (microvitreoretinal)
MVR blade
myasthenia gravis
Mydriacyl
mydriasis
myelinated nerve fiber layer
Nadbath block
nanophthalmos
Nasarel
nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Neo-Synephrine
neovascular
neovascular complex
neovascular glaucoma
neovascular macular degeneration
neovascular membrane
neovascularization
nerve fiber layer hemorrhage
nerve fiber layer myelin
nerve head
nerve root block
neural rim
neuroophthalmic
neurovascular retinopathy
nonproliferative
Nordan-Ruiz trapezoidal marker (for use in surgical correction of astigmatism)
nuclear distortion in each lens
nuclear sclerosis
nuclear sclerotic cataracts
nuclear sclerotic changes
nucleus hydrodelineator
nucleus rotator
nyctalopia
nyctalopia
nystagmus
O'Brien block
occult choroidal neovascularization
occult membrane
occult subfoveal neovascular membrane
Ocuflox
ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
ocular myasthenia
ocular photodynamic therapy
Ocupress
Ocuvite
Ocuvite PreserVision
omega-3 fatty acids
opalescence
open posterior capsule in each eye.
operculated retinal tear
operculum
ophthalmic migraine
ophthalmoscope
ophthalmoscopy
optic disk
optic nerve
optic nerve and vessels
optic nerve head
optical coherence tomogram OCT)
ora serrata
orbicularis
orbicularis oculi
orbit
orbital rim
Orbscan
Orbscan topography
pachymetry
pannus
panretinal photocoagulation
parafoveal neurovascular membrane
pars plana
pars plana snowbanking
pars planitis
partial medial meniscectomy
Patanol
patelliform (see vitelliform) lesion
Paufique graft knife
Pegasys
penetrating keratoplasty
peribulbar needle
perimacular staining
peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy
peripapillary crescent
peripapillary pigmentary
peripheral anterior synechia
peripheral branch retinal venous occlusion
peripheral chorioretinal atrophy
peripheral choroidal neovascular membrane
peripheral confrontation visual fields
peripheral corneal neovascularization
peripheral depressed examination
peripheral exudative retinal detachment
peripheral iridectomy
peripheral laser treatments
peripheral lattice degeneration
peripheral retinal degeneration
peripheral retinal detachment
peripheral retinal findings
peripheral retinal ischemia
peripheral retinal lesions
peripheral retinal tear
peripheral scleral depressed examination
peripheral vascular abnormality
peripheral vitreoretinal traction
peripheral vitreous base
petaloid edema
petaloid leakage
petaloid perimacular staining
petaloid retinal pigmented epithelial atrophy surrounding the fovea
petaloid staining
Peyman silicone oil cannula
phacodonesis
phacoemulsification
PhacoFlex II SI30NB foldable intraocular lens implant
photodynamic therapy
phototherapeutic keratectomy
phthisical
phthisis bulbi
phytanic acid level
Pierse corneal forceps
Pierse-Colibri corneal forceps
pigment epithelial defects
pigment epithelial detachment
pigment epithelium
pingueculae
placoid
Plaquenil
Plavix
pneumatic retinopexy
polypoidal macular degeneration
Posner-Schlossman syndrome
posterior capsular haze
posterior capsular opacification
posterior capsular opacity
posterior chamber
posterior chamber implants
posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation
posterior cortical vacuoles
posterior cortical vitreous
posterior hyaloid face
posterior intraocular lens
posterior subcapsular cataract
posterior subcapsular change
posterior subcapsular component
posterior subcapsular opacity
posterior synechiae
posterior vitreous cavity floater
posterior vitreous detachment
posterior vitreous face
posterior vitreous floater
posterior vitreous separation
posttraumatic ocular inflammation
potential acuity meter
Pred Forte
prednisone
Pred-phosphate
premacular
premacular fibrosis
premacular fibrotic membrane
premature age-related macular degeneration
preproliferative changes
preretinal floaters
preretinal hemorrhage
presbyopia
PreserVision
primary acquired melanosis
proliferative diabetic retinopathy
proliferative vitreoretinopathy
prominent peripheral vitreous base
proparacaine
proptosis
ProtectaVision
provided
Provisc
pseudoexfoliative
pseudoexfoliative material
pseudohole
pseudohole
pseudohypopyon
pseudophacos
pseudophakic cystoid macular edema
pseudophakic macular edema
pseudotumor cerebri
pterygium
ptosis
punctal plugs
punctate epithelial erosions
punctate epithelial staining
punctate hyperfluorescence
punctate inner choroidopathy
punctate keratopathy
Purtscher
quadrantanopsia
quiet and deep
Quixin
radial optic neurotomy
radical keratotomy
Rainin air injection cannula
rectus muscle
red reflex
Restasis
Retaane
retina
retinal angiomatous proliferation
retinal artery occlusion
retinal atrophy
retinal contours
retinal detachment
retinal detachment
retinal edema
retinal elevation
retinal hemorrhage
retinal hole
retinal macular aneurysm
retinal periphery
retinal pigment epithelial atrophy
retinal pigment epithelial change
retinal pigment epithelial clumping
retinal pigment epithelial detachment
retinal pigment epithelial dropout
retinal pigment epithelial hypertrophy
retinal pigment epithelial hypopigmentation
retinal pigment epithelial irregularity
retinal tear
retinal thickening
retinal vascular tree
retinal vasculature
retinal venous disease
retinal venous occlusion
retinitis pigmentosa
retinochoroid
retinochoroidal anastomosis
retinocortical projection
retinopathy of prematurity
retinopexy
retinoschisis
retinoscopy
retrobulbar anesthetic
retrobulbar block
retrobulbar needle
rhegmatogenous
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Rhinocort
ribavirin
RON scar
RPE changes in the macula
RPE clumping in the macula
RPE dropout
RPE mottling
RPED (retinal pigment epithelial dropout)
rubeosis
rubeosis iridis
saccadic eye movement
Salzmann's nodular
Salzmann's nodular degeneration
Salzmann's nodule
sarcoid chorioretinitis
sarcoidosis
SatinCrescent™ tunneler
SatinShortcut™
SatinSlit™ keratome
Sato knife
Sattler advancement forceps
Saupe cilia forceps
Schepens scleral depressor
Schiotz tonometer
Schirmer test
Schocket scleral depressor
scleral blade
scleral buckle
scleral buckling
scleral depressed examination
scleral depression
scleral groove
scleral icterus
scleral knife
scleral show
scleral spur
sclerochoroidal calcification
sclerosis
sclerotic vessels
scotoma
scrolled RPE
scurf
sectoral photocoagulation
sectoral photocoagulation
sedimentation
Seidel
Seidel's scotoma
Seidel's sign
Seidel's test
serous choroidal detachment
serous retinal detachment
serous retinal thickening
serous retinopathy
serpiginous chorioretinopathy
serrefine
Shaaf cilia foreign body forceps
Shearing cortex suction kit (removal of cortex at 12-o'clock position during phacoemulsification)
Shepard intraocular lens holding forceps (serrated)
Shepard lens holding forceps
Siegrist streak
Simcoe capsule polisher
Simcoe cortex extractor aspiration cannula
Simcoe double-barreled irrigating-aspirating unit
Simcoe irrigation-aspiration cannula
Simcoe reverse double-barreled irrigating-aspirating unit
Simcoe reverse irrigation-aspiration cannula
Sinskey lens holding forceps
Sinskey lens manipulating hook
SITE irrigation-aspiration machine
SITE machine
Sjögren's syndrome
slit blade
slit knife
slit-lamp
smooth pursuits and saccades
Soemmering's ring
Sorsby's fundus dystrophy
SPK
spoon blade
spoon knife
spud & gouge
squeegee capsule polisher
stab incision
stab-incision angled blade
staphylomas
Stargardt
steroid
Stevens tenotomy hook
Stevens tenotomy scissors
strabismus
strabismus
subcapsular cataract
subcapsular change
subcapsular opacity
subclinical retinal detachment
subconjunctival hemorrhage
subepithelial scarring
subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization
subfoveal fluid
subfoveal hemorrhage
subfoveal lesion
subfoveal neovascular membrane
subfoveal neovascular process
subfoveal neovascularization
subfoveal occult disease
subfoveal occult membrane
subfoveal retinal pigment epithelium
subfoveal space
subhyaloid hemorrhage
submacular hemorrhage
subretinal aspiration cannula
subretinal disciform lesion
subretinal extraction
subretinal fibrosis
subretinal fibrotic change
subretinal fluid
subretinal hemorrhage
subretinal injection
subretinal lipid
subretinal membrane
subretinal neovascular membrane
subretinal neovascularization
subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage
subretinal plaque
subretinal scarring
subretinal space
subretinal vascularity
sub-Tenon
sub-Tenon Kenalog injection
sub-Tenon steroid injection
sudoriferous clear cyst
sulfacetamide
superficial punctate keratopathy
superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
superior nasal quadrant
superior rectus muscle
superior temporal quadrant
supraorbital
supraorbital foramen
synechialysis
syneretic vitreous
syneretic vitreous
Systane eye drops
tarsal strip procedure
tarsorrhaphy
tear film
tear of meniscus
telangiectasia
telangiectatic
telangiectatic vessels
temporal arteritis
temporal artery biopsy
temporal near periphery
temporal raphe
temporal retinal pigment epithelium
Tennant tying forceps
Tenon's capsule
Tenon's space
tenotomy scissors
Terson's syndrome
TheraTears
Thorpe corneal forceps
Thorton double corneal ruler (for astigmatism surgery)
Thorton globe fixation ring
Thorton limbal incision ruler
Thorton optic zone marker
Thurmond pachymetry marker
Thygeson keratitis
timolol
Timoptic
TobraDex
TobraDex ointment
tomogram
tonometer
Tono-Pen
towel clamp
Toxocara titer
trabecular meshwork
trabeculectomy
traction detachment
traction retinal detachment
traction suture
tractional macular detachment
transient ischemic attack
transpupillary thermotherapy
Travatan
trichiasis
tropicamide
Troutman alpha chymotrypsin cannula
Troutman blade holder
Troutman-Castroviejo corneal section scissors
Trusopt
trypan blue stain
ultrasonic pachymetry
Utrata capsulorrhexis forceps
uveitis
vacuoles
Valsalva retinopathy
Van Lint block
Vander vitreoretinal injection cannula
Vannas capsulotomy scissors
vein occlusion
venous occlusion
verticillata
Vigamox
Villasenor-Navarro fixation ring and degree gauge
Viroptic
Viscoat
viscodissector
viscoelastic cannula
visible cystoid edema
visual acuity
Visudyne
Vitrax
vitrectomy and membrane dissection
vitrectomy and membrane peel
vitrectomy and membranectomy
vitrectomy instrumentation
vitreitis
vitreomacular
vitreomacular traction
vitreopapillary
vitreoretinal attachment
vitreoretinal component
vitreoretinal contour
vitreoretinal interface
vitreoretinal micropick
vitreoretinal tag
vitreoretinal traction
vitreoretinal tuft
vitreoretinal viscodissector
vitreous base
vitreous body
vitreous cavity
vitreous cell
vitreous debris
vitreous face
vitreous floaters
vitreous haze
vitreous hemorrhage
vitreous inflammation
vitreous membranes
vitreous opacity
vitreous separation
Voigt's stria
Wagner epiretinal membrane dissector
Wagner silicone oil cannula
Watzki
WaveScan™ Wavefront system
Wecker iris scissors
Wegener's granulomatosis
Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Weiss ring
well-centered intraocular lens
well-centered posterior chamber intraocular lens
well-placed flexible anterior chamber intraocular lens
well-placed posterior chamber implant with YAG capsulotomy
well-placed posterior chamber intraocular lens
Welsh cortex extractor (with flat olive tip)
Westcott tenotomy scissors
Westcott utility scissors
wet macular degeneration
wet-field cautery
Wilder dilator
Wills spud & burr (for removal of foreign bodies from the eye)
wire lid speculum
Worst implantation forceps
Wydase
Xalatan
xanthelasma
YAG
YAG laser capsulotomy
ZeaVision
Zehm
Zeiss operating microscope
Zestril

Indian Barbie-dolls............!!!!




What causes hiccups?


William A. Whitelaw, a professor in the department of medicine at the University of Calgary, explains.



If a person gets hiccups and wants to know what has set them off, there is a long list of medical or physiological disorders that are associated with hiccups and seem to cause them. The most common by far is distension or expansion of the stomach and movement of stomach acid into the esophagus. After that, a disease or irritation in the thorax could be to blame. Irritation of the phrenic nerve (the nerve to the diaphragm) or the diaphragm is often cited as a cause of hiccups, but this is only speculation about the exact mechanism. Hiccups can also arise from a variety of neurological lesions, many of them involving the brain stem, or some metabolic disorders (particularly renal failure). Medications, often ones that promote acid reflux into the esophagus, and a variety of other disorders have also been linked to hiccups.


In medical practice, however, we do not start looking for any of these causes unless the hiccups are very persistent or if they came on very dramatically for no obvious reason. For ordinary bothersome hiccups that come back or stay longer than usual, treatment for stomach acid reflux is usually offered before other investigations are done.


In regards to the physiological process behind hiccuping, some information and speculations exist, but a complete answer has not yet been determined. A hiccup is not simply a twitch of the diaphragm but a complex motor act. During one, the diaphragm and the complete set of inspiratory muscles (intercostal muscles, neck muscles and others) make a sudden, very strong, contraction. The expiratory muscles are also strongly inhibited. Just after the contraction begins, the glottis (commonly called the vocal cords) clamp shut, making the "hic" sound. Before the diaphragm contracts, the roof of the mouth moves up, as does the back of the tongue, and there is often an associated burp. The heart slows a bit as well. In addition, hiccups are seldom isolated events but tend to recur every few seconds, sometimes for hours.


Together these observations imply that somewhere in the brain we have a "central pattern generator," or CPG, for hiccups. In other words, there is a neuronal circuit designed for generating hiccups similar to the ones we have for actions such as breathing, coughing and walking. And like most of those CPGs, it is an oscillator: it sends out a recurring, periodic signal to set off a hiccup. We don't have hiccups all the time, however, so the oscillator must be a "conditional oscillator" that fires only under certain conditions.


Hiccups are seen in a wide variety of animals and are very common in the fetus. They have been recorded physiologically in animal studies and are easily recognized on ultrasounds of human babies. Hiccups appear before breathing movements as the fetus develops and are common in newborns but gradually disappear over the next few months.


These observations suggest that hiccup CPG may be left over from a previous stage in evolution. Searching through the animal kingdom for a recurring, rhythmic activity that resembles a hiccup turns up a few candidates. None of them looks exactly like a hiccup, but that is not really surprising given all the changes that have occurred over the eons. One candidate is the CPG for gasping, which is a sudden inspiration and can be rhythmic. In a recent paper, my colleagues and I argued that a better candidate is the CPG used by tadpoles for gill ventilation. The unique feature of hiccups is a big inspiratory effort while closing the glottis, which completely blocks air from being inspired. Halfway through its development a tadpole has both lungs that breathe air and gills for breathing water. It does not have a diaphragm and cannot suck air into its lungs and instead pushes fluids with its mouth. To breathe air, it fills its mouth cavity with air, then closes its nose, mouth and the passage to the gills and compresses the mouth cavity, forcing the air into its lungs. To breathe water, it fills its mouth with water and then closes the glottis and forces the water out through the gills. The positive pressure pump action of the mouth is synchronous with filling the lung or pushing water through the gills. The gill-breathing tadpole is thus inspiring while closing the glottis, the same action as hiccuping.

Medical Transcription Slang Words.....

A fib (atrial fibrillation)
ab, Ab (abortion)
aerosol pentam (aerosolized pentamidine)
alk phos (alkaline phosphatase)
amp (ampule, ampicillin)
appy (appendectomy)
bands (banded neutrophils)
basos (basophils)
bicarb (bicarbonate)
bili (bilirubin)
ca (carcinoma)
cardio (cardiology)
cath, cath'd (catheter, catheterized)
chemo (chemotherapy)
chole (cholecystectomy)
circ (cimcumflex artery)
coags (coagulation studies)
consult (n.) (consultation)
crit (hematocrit)
C-section (cesarean section)
C-spine (cervical spine)
cysto (cystoscopy)
DC,DC'd (discharge[d], discontinue[d])
diff (differential)
dig ["dij," "didge"] (digitalis, digoxin, digitoxin)
echo (echocardiogram)
eos (eosinophils)
exam (examination)
fib (fibula, fibrillation)
fib-flutter (fibrillation-flutter)
H&H (hemoglobin and hematocrit)
H. flu (H. [Haemophilus] influenzae)
kilo (kg [kilogram])
lab (laboratory)
lap chole (laparoscopic cholecystectomy)
lap (laparotomy, laparoscopy)
lymphs (lymphocytes)
lytes (electrolytes)
med, meds (medication, medications)
mets (metastases)
monos (monocytes)
multip (multipara)
neuro (neurology, neurologic)
nitro (nitroglycerin)
osteo (osteomyelitis)
PACU (postanesthesia care unit)
Pap smear (Papanicolaou smear)
path (pathology)
peds (pediatrics)
pentam (pentamidine)
polys (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
postchemo (postchemotherapy)
postop (postoperative)
preop (preoperative)
prepped (prepared)
primip (primipara)
procto (proctoscopy)
psych(e) (psychiatric)
rehab (rehabilitation)
Rx (prescription)
sats (oxygen) saturation)
satting (saturating)
SC, sq, subQ (subcutaneous, subcuticular)
script (prescription)
segs (segmented neutrophils)
strep (streptococcal)
subcu (subcutaneous, subcuticular)
T max (maximum temperature)
tab (tablet)
tabby (therapeutic abortion)
tach (tachycardia)
temp (temperature)
tib-fib (tibia-fibula)
tic (diverticulum)
trach (tracheostomy)
trep (treponema)
trich (trichomonas)
T-spine (thoracic spine)
V fib (ventricular fibrillation)
V tach (ventricular tachycardia)
XRT (radiotherapy)

"opioids" and "opiates"

  • What is the difference between "opioids" and "opiates"?

Opiates are drugs derived from opium. Opioids used to refer to synthetic opiates (drugs created to emulate opium, however, different chemically). Now the term opioid is used for the entire family of opiates including natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic.

An opioid is any agent that activates opioid receptors (protein molecules located on the membranes of some nerve cells) found principally in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. There are four broad classes of opioids: Endogenous opioid, naturally produced in the body (endorphins); opium alkaloids, such as morphine and codeine; semi-synthetic opioids, such as heroin, oxycodone and buprenorphine; and fully synthetic opioids, such as methadone, that have structures unrelated to the opium alkaloids.

Medical professionals use the word "opioid" to refer to the entire family of opioids, and the word "opiate" for a specific non-synthetic opioid, however, many only use "opioid."

Protocols.....

tumor protocol
routine protocol
pediatric protocol
liver protocol
stroke protocol
pelvis protocol
Bruce protocol
standard Bruce protocol
Persantine protocol
as per protocol
surveillance protocol
screening protocol
standard protocol
chemotherapy protocol
Pitocin augmentation protocol
oxytocin augmentation protocol

Lymph Nodes..........

susln = suspicious lymph nodes
palln = palpable lymph nodes
pylln = pyloric lymph nodes
mesln = mesenteric lymph nodes
parln = paratracheal lymph nodes
parln1 = paraaortic lymph nodes
preln = pretracheal lymph nodes
subln = subcarinal lymph nodes
ingln = inguinal lymph nodes
axiln = axillary lymph nodes
hilln = hilar lymph nodes
medln = mediastinal lymph nodes
enlln = enlarged lymph nodes
proln = prominent lymph nodes
borln = borderline lymph nodes
numln = numerous lymph nodes
calln = calcified lymph nodes
abdln = abdominal lymph nodes
abnln = abnormal lymph nodes
pelln = pelvic lymph nodes
ililn = iliac lymph nodes
intln = intramammary lymph nodes
realn = reactive lymph nodes
supln = supraclavicular lymph nodes
cerln = cervical lymph nodes
swoln = swollen lymph nodes
celln = celiac lymph nodes
groln = groin lymph nodes
perln = periaortic lymph nodes
senln = sentinel lymph nodes
retln = retroperitoneal lymph nodes
sholn = shotty lymph nodes
smaln = small lymph nodes
cicln = common iliac chain lymph nodes
icln = iliac chain lymph nodes
eicln = external iliac chain lymph nodes
biln = benign intramammary lymph nodes
baln = benign-appearing lymph nodes
llln = low-lying lymph nodes

Ligaments..........

accelit=accessory ligament
acrolit=acromioclavicular ligament
acrolit=acromiocoracoid ligament
adiplit=adipose ligament
annulit=annular ligament
antelit=anterior ligament
arculit=arcuate ligament
bertlit=Bertin ligament
bigelit=Bigelow ligament
brodlit=Brodie ligament
calclit=calcaneofibular ligament
calclit=calcaneonavicular ligament
caldlit=Caldini ligament
camplit=Campbell ligament
capslit=capsular ligament
carplit=carpometacarpal ligament
colllit=collateral ligament
coralit=coracoacromial ligament
coralit=coracoclavicular ligament
coralit=coracohumeral ligament
ostlit=costoclavicular ligament
cruclit=cruciate ligament
crurlit=crural ligament
culit=cuboideonavicular ligament
culit=cuneonavicular ligament
delit=deltoid ligament
delit=dentate ligament
falit=fabellofibular ligament
falit=falciform ligament
fllit=flaval ligament
halit=hamatometacarpal ligament
illit=iliofemoral ligament
illit=iliotrochanteric ligament
inlit=inguinal ligament
lalit=laciniate ligament
lalit=lateral ligament
melit=medial ligament
ollit=olecranon ligament
palit=patellar ligament
pilit=pisohamate ligament
pilit=pisometacarpal ligament
pllit=plantar ligament
polit=popliteal ligament
polit=posterior ligament
pulit=pubocapsular ligament
pulit=pubofemoral ligament
qlod=quadrate ligament of Denuce
ralit=radiocarpal ligament
rhlit=rhomboid ligament
salit=sacrospinous ligament
salit=sacrotuberous ligament
stlit=sternoclavicular ligament
stlit=sternocostal ligament
talit=talocalcaneal ligament
talit=talofibular ligament
talit=talonavicular ligament
telit=tendinotrochanteric ligament
trlit=transverse ligament
trlit=trapezoid ligament
ullit=ulnar ligament
ullit=ulnocarpal ligament
volit=volar ligament
wrlit=Wrisberg ligament

Lesions.....

of the lesion
tug lesion
sclerotic lesion c
onstricting or obstructing lesions
hypodense lesion
focal lesion
hepatic lesion
low density lesion
lytic or blastic lesionlytic lesion
adnexal lesion
renal lesion
mass lesion
basal ganglia lesion
suspicious lesion
parenchymal lesion
liver lesion
discrete lesion
T2 hyperintense lesion
benign lesionindeterminate lesion
osseous lesion
destructive lesion
aggressive lesion
well-circumscribed lesion
skin lesion
skeletal lesion
complex lesioncystic lesion
enhancing lesionmucosal lesion
kidney lesioncavitary lesion
small lesion
large lesion
adjacent lesion
metastatic lesion
multiple lesions


admixture lesion
Andersson lesion
aphthous lesion
apple-core lesion
benign-appearing lesion
breast lesions
bubbly bone lesion
calcaneal lesion
circular lesions
circumscribed breast lesions
CNS lesion
cold bone lesions
cold liver lesion
cold spleen lesion
cord lesions
critical lesion
dark T2 lesiondendritic lesions
diagonal lesion
extracapillary lesions
flesh-colored lesions
GI-tract target lesion
glomerular tip lesion
herpetic lesion
high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
high-uptake lesion
hot bone lesions
hot liver lesion
intralesionalintramedullary lesion
Janeway lesion
LAD lesion
lesion in question
lesion metastasis
low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
median nerve lesion
mid-LAD lesion
no discrete lesions
no external lesions
no focal lesion is seen
no skin lesion
Nummular lesions
obstructive lesion
oral lesion
oropharyngeal lesion
osteolytic lesion
parietal lesion
polypoid gallbladder lesions
precancerous lesionsproximal lesion
pustular lesionresidual lesion
ring lesions in brain
ring-enhancing lesion
scaly lesion
sessile lesions
single lucent skull lesion
skin was without lesions
SLAP lesion
solid lesion of spleen
solid or cystic lesion
space-occupying lesion
squamous intraepithelial lesion
stellate breast lesions
urothelial lesion
wartlike lesion
well-differentiated lesion
without lesion

Lab Levels....

acel=acetaminophen level
arsl=arsenic level
barl=barbiturate level
bloal=blood alcohol level
blool=blood oxygen level
cerl=ceruloplasmin level
corl=cortisol level
digl=digoxin level
estl=estrogen level
ethl=ethanol level
horl=hormone level
leal=lead level
litl=lithium level
phel=phenobarbital level
progl=progesterone level
proll=prolactin level
sall=salicylate level
serl=serotonin level
sacel=serum acetaminophen level
samyl=serum amylase level
schol=serum cholesterol level
scorl=serum cortisol level
smagl=serum magnesium level
thorl=thyroid hormone level
toxl=toxin leveltril=triglyceride level


allev = alcohol level
amlev = ammonia level
b12l = B12 level
b12afl = B12 and folate levels
calev = caffeine level
chlev = cholesterol level
cpkl = CPK level
crlev = creatinine level
delev = Depakote level
dilev = Dilantin level
felev = ferritin level
folev = folate level
gllev = glucose level
hdll = HDL level
ldll = LDL level
pflev = plasma fibrinogen level
polev = potassium level
prlev = prealbumin level
prolev = Prograf level
psal = PSA level
ralev = random level
solev = sodium level
thlev = theophylline level
thelev = therapeutic level
trlev = troponin level
tshl = TSH level
valev = vancomycin level